Friday, November 26, 2010

X-ray images Tuberculosis (TB)


Salam Brothers & Sisters

Below are some of my X-ray collections for TB.

Infiltrative TB
(with zone of perifocal inflammation)


Tumour-like TB


Acute Disseminated TB
(Miliary TB)


Subacute Disseminated TB


Cavernous TB
(clear border of caverna without perifocal inflammation)


Fibrocavernous TB

Cirrhotic TB

Destructive TB
(absent upper lobe of R-L - lung tissue has been expectorated with sputum)



And at last...




Our TB lecturer


Tawakkal alallah

Leia Mais…

Friday, October 29, 2010

PRACTICALS




DETAILS REGARDING AMBULANCE PRACTICALS (YEAR 5)
CAN BE DOWNLOADED HERE







Leia Mais…

Saturday, September 18, 2010

Sunday Seminar (SS)


Salam Brothers & Sisters


SUNDAY SEMINAR

CLERKING AN O&G CASE

DATE : 19 SEPTEMBER 2010 (SUNDAY)

VENUE : FLOOR 6 1/2

TIME : 10 AM

Leia Mais…

Thursday, September 16, 2010

Academic Downloads

Salam Brothers & Sisters

1. You may download practical class notes and lecture materials from my blog.

2. I will (inshaAllah) update and add more subjects soon.

3. You may find the option for downloading at the right bar named 'Academics'

4. For materials from Malaysia medical syllabuses - You may seek me personally or contact me via email at arzain88@yahoo.com


That's all. Tawakkal 'alallah.

Leia Mais…

Monday, July 5, 2010

Tidak Perlu ke Kamal, Tempah Disini!

Salam warahmatullah Brothers & Sisters.


"Anda kini boleh menempah terus pembelian buku-buku di Kamal Bookstore menerusi blog ini!

Terutama bagi mereka yang menetap jauh & mengalami kesukaran ke Kamal Bookstore KL.

Anda boleh menempah dan bayaran boleh dibuat selepas menerima buku tersebut di Rusia."

*Terhad kepada pelajar di Volgograd sahaja.



Sekiranya anda ingin menempah, sila maklumkan kepada saya di emel : arzain88@yahoo.com


Semoga dipermudahkanNya urusan.


Leia Mais…

Tuesday, June 29, 2010

Books For All [Part 3]

Recommended books for Year 4 Medics :


OPTHALMOLOGY

1. Lecture notes series on Opthalmology
2. Comprehensive Opthalmology ( by A.K. Khurana )*

OBSTETRICS

1. Text Book of Obstetrics ( by D.C Dutta )
2. Obstetrics (by Ten Teachers )
3. Lecture notes series on Obstetrics

PAEDIATRICS

1. Nelson Text Book of Paediatrics (Optional)
2. Paediatrics Protocol for Malaysian Hospitals ( Do not buy at Kamal Bookstore or photocopy, buy at Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz the cancer society, cheaper by 50%. Contact me for info)
3. Paediatric (Lissaeur 'Sunflower')

EAR, NOSE AND THROAT (ENT)

1. Lecture notes series on ENT
2. Diseases of ENT (by Dhingra)

INTERNAL MEDICINE

1. Lecture notes series on IM
2. Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine (OHCM)
3. Sarawak Handbook of Medical Emergencies (SHME)
4. Clinical Medicine (by Kumar & Clark) - better to have this book by your own eventhough lecture notes are taken from this book, but not too comprehensive.

SURGICAL DISEASES

1. Essential of Surgery (Burkitt)
2. Browse's Introduction to the Symptoms and Signs in Surgical Diseases
3. Oxford Handbook of Surgery.





It's not compulsory to buy all-listed books!
You may pick one of each subjects
or share with your friends

Any inquiry do contact me:
arzain88@yahoo.com

Leia Mais…

Wednesday, June 23, 2010

Neurology : Brown-Sequard Syndrome



This really brings me back to my best memory 3 years ago. Maybe Dr.Irina is now not with us, but we are having a lot of Neurologists, and hopefully they are able to treat our 'multiple lesions' that we suffered a few days ago....

Leia Mais…

Saturday, June 19, 2010

International, please?

Alhamdulillah, I already passed my medicine exam today and I feel so 'free' to study for my next postings exam in Neurology and O&G. Today's morning as usual with exam syndrome - NV!

I can't hold nausea & vomiting till they come to their optimum attack of severe tremor and only after that with post-exam syndrome - Sleeping headache. Huhu~

Today, I learnt something new in medicine - its exam was just like clerking a patient! It was too horrible indeed to have face-to-face conversation with Dr.Shumina (not very sure her name), and she is well-known Hepatologist.

Every questions that stated on my exam ticket, never miss to be followed by her questions : 'What is international standard? What is international classification? Dan paling tak tahan: Do you know, in Malaysia they usually use....."

Yes, this is what I know about medicine. Improvement makes better to gain better knowledges. Not just to sit in the class, borrow friend's notes, then answers, and that's all.


p/s : Almost complete to download all CPGs! Thanks to MOH =)

Leia Mais…

It's High Time Malaysian Doctors Ditch Neckties

The MMA made the call a few years back and then the DG was quoted to say:

…the policy of requiring doctors to wear their white coats, shirts and neckties would not change unless there was a “body of evidence” which proved that neckties caused infections to spread. It is a long established policy that we have had since Merdeka. Doctors must maintain their dignity and dress properly,” he said.

A study by Jimbo et al shows that there is indeed a High prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on Malaysian doctors’ neckties.

We discovered that more than half (52%) of neckties worn by doctors were contaminated with Staphylococcus and out of these, 62% of them were identified as MRSA. In contrast, none of the student’s ties were contaminated with MRSA. Due to the high prevalence of staphylococcus detected on doctors’ neckties, we recommend that health care workers do not wear neckties.

So DG and MOH – perhaps the “dress code” for doctors should change now that there is local evidence?


This entry was taken from here. Just for Sharing. Selamat membaca! =)

Leia Mais…

Friday, June 11, 2010

Just For Sharing : Classification of Peritonitis

Syllabus Year 4 Phase 2 (Surgical Diseases)


CLASSIFICATION OF PERITONITIS

1. TYPES:

i - PRIMARY
(Causes are outside the abdominal cavity, mainly refer to haematogenic and lymphogenic. Primary is usually in children)

ii - SECONDARY
(This is the most common type. Causes are inside abdominal cavity, mainly due to intestinal bacteria invasion from digestive tract or biliary tract in case of inflammation & rupture of internal organs.

2. ETIOLOGY:

i - BACTERIAL PERITONITIS

(a) Specific - Intestinal sticks ( 65%) causes bacterial type. Most reason is acute appendicitis & acute cholecystitis which cause Secondary bacterial peritonitis.

(b) Unspecific - cause by microbes with no relation to GIT (eg. TB)

ii - ASEPTIC PERITONITIS
(Usually cause by pancreatonecrosis. The blood, bile, urine presence in the abdominal cavity and after several hours, aseptic contents become infected due to the microbial invasion from GIT. Need to treat a.s.a.p.

3. CURRENT PERITONITIS

i - ACUTE (most common in complication of the abdominal cavity)

ii - SUBACUTE (usually cause by TB)

iii - CHRONIC

4. SEVERITY

i - MODERATE (peritonitis alone without any disorder of other organ)

ii - SEVERE (peritonitis with involvement of 1 organ like liver or lung)

iii - VERY SEVERE (peritonitis with involvement of more than 1 organs)

5. INVOLVEMENT OF PERITONEUM IN INFLAMMATION (by FEDOROV)

i - LOCAL : This is involvement of only 1 region of peritoneum. It can be:

(a) Incapsulated - inflammation of 1 region of peritoneum without restriction

(b) Encapsulated - inflammation of 1 region of peritoneum with restriction like fibrin formation and intraperitoneal adhesions

ii - DISSEMINATED : This is involvement of >1 region of peritoneum. It can be:

(a) Diffuse - inflammation of 2-5 regions of peritoneum

(b) Generalized - inflammation of >5 regions of peritoneum

NB! There are all 9 regions of peritoneum!! Please revise how to draw them all!


6. PARAMETERS OF EXUDATES

i - SEROUS PERITONITIS (initial stage of peritonitis. The exudate is transparent)

ii - HAEMORRHAGIC (Only cause by 2 reasons: Pancreatonecrosis & AIO)

iii - SEROUS-FIBRINOUS (fluid with fibrin)

iv - PURULENT (fluid with pus)

Other forms also possible : Fecal, bile and etc.

7. TIME OF ONSET:

i - INITIAL GRADE ( within 24h)

ii - TOXIC GRADE (24 - 72h)

iii - TERMINAL GRADE (>72h)

_____________________________________________________________

ADDITIONAL RANDOM KNOWLEDGES, THAT YOU MUST KNOW:


What is the peculiarities of URGENT HERNIOPLASTY
(like in strangulated hernia)?

We must not cut the hernial ring, but need to open the hernial sac, fix and check the content!


What is the peculiarities of HERNIOPLASTY by LEINSTEIN?

Use the POLYPROPYLENE mash and must not apply any TENSION


That's all. Good luck. Tawakkal alaAllah.



'Let us forget about exam, but focus on study'

Leia Mais…

Thursday, June 10, 2010

Just For Sharing : McBurney's Incision for Appendicectomy

*Sorry this picture's quality is not so good =(

HOW TO DRAW THE INCISION?

1. Draw a single line from UMBILICUS to the RIGHT ANT.SUP. ILIAC SPINE

2. Divide this line (blue in colour) into 3 parts equally.

3. Then, at the point of INFERIOR 1/3 of this line, draw a single line (red in colour) perpendicularly to the blue line.

4. This red line is the McBurney incision line for Appendicectomy.

5. The length of this incision line MUST be 1/3 superior and 2/3 inferior to the blue line that you drew.

6. One more important thing is, this incision line should be PARALLEL to the INGUINAL LIGAMENT!


That's all. Good luck! Tawakkal alaAllah. =)

Leia Mais…

Just For Sharing : Classification of Acute Intestinal Obstruction

Syllibus Year 4 Phase II (Surgical Diseases)


CLASSIFICATION OF ACUTE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION (AIO)

1. STAGES :

I - Impairment of passage
II - Disturbance of microcirculation
III - Peritonitis & necrosis

2. ORIGIN:

I - Congenital (eg: Complete atresia of SI, LI, anus & sclerosis)
II - Acquired (eg: Malignant tumour, trauma, bile stones ileus)

3. MECHANISM:
i. Mechanical

a) Obturation
(eg: Tumour, Foreign body, Gall stone)

b) Strangulation
(eg: Irreducible strangulated hernia, volvulus 0r mesentery twist)

Characteristic: Formation of knots or coils of SI loops with each others.

c) Mix
(eg: Invagination, adhesion)
Characteristic: Invagination (proximal part comes to distal part). This invagination is called as intersusception. Usually in children.

In adult, there are usually adhesion.
Causes of adhesion: Trauma of peritoneum, peritonitis, post-op.
Eg. of post-op that causes adhesion:

- Appendicectomy (adhesion at Right Iliac Region)
- Splenectomy (adhesion of Left Hypochondrium)

ii. Dynamic

a) Spastic (eg: Spinal cord trauma, poisonings)

b) Paralytic

(This is typical AIO. Causes: Complication of urgent abdominal diseases, eg: Peritonitis, Pancreatitis, etc.)


4. LEVEL OF OBSTRUCTION

i. High (SI)
ii. Lower (LI)
5. CLINICAL STATES OF PATIENT

i. Acute (eg: adhesion, strangulation)
ii. Chronic (eg: tumour)

6. CONDITION OF INTESTINES

i. Complete obstruction
ii. Partial obstruction
_____________________________________________________________

CONCLUSIONS:

1. There are 3 types of mechanical AIO:

I - Acute Mechanical Obturation IO
II - Acute Mechanical Strangulation IO
III - Acute Mechanical Mix IO

2. There are 2 types of dynamic AIO:

I - Acute Dynamic Spastic IO
II - Acute Dynamic Paralytic IO (typical)

NB!

STRANGULATION - Needs IMMEDIATE SURGERY!
OBTURATION - You have 4 HOURS to OPERATE!


That's all. Good luck. Tawakkal alaAllah =)

Leia Mais…

Wednesday, June 9, 2010

Medical CASE 1

A 45-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with bleeding gums and bruises on both forearms for the last 2 days. For the preceding 10 days she had been experiencing a high fever (which has since broken) and rigors. In addition, she complains of a rash over both forearms, but she is unable to further characterize it. She noted severe pain in both legs during the febrile portion of her illness. There was no history of hematuria, melena, cough, or hemoptysis. She is not taking any routine prescription medications or using over-the-counter products or supplements. She has no known drug allergies. She is married with 5 children and is currently unemployed. She does not smoke or drink alcohol and has no history of drug abuse. There is no travel history or any history of sick contacts. She is a resident of Pakistan.

On physical examination, she is alert and apparently well developed and well nourished. The patient has a regular pulse of 90 bpm and a respiratory rate of 14 breaths/min. Her temperature is 98.2° F (36.8° C) and blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg. The cardiac examination reveals a normal S1 and S2, with no murmur, gallop, or rub. Auscultation of the lungs is normal, and no palpable organomegaly or tenderness is found on abdominal examination. Examination of the extremities reveals large bruises and a petechial rash across both forearms and lower extremities (Figure 1; the image shown is an example of the rash seen). Conjunctival hemorrhages are noted bilaterally. Bruises are also apparent on her soft palate, and minor trauma from oral examination results in gingival hemorrhage.

The laboratory investigation reveals a hemoglobin of 8 g/dL (80 g/L), platelet count of 11 × 103/µL (11 × 109/L), and a white blood cell count of 1.8 × 103/µL (1.8 × 109/L). Her serum blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, liver function tests, albumin, and electrolytes are normal. Coagulation studies, including a prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrin degradation products, and serum fibrinogen, are normal. Blood cultures do not show any growth. Urine analysis and urine culture result negative. Posteroanterior and lateral chest radiographs, as well as abdominal ultrasonography, are unrevealing.


Based on the clinical presentation and physical examination, which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Hint: Bruises, conjunctival hemorrhages, and depressed cell lines in a postfebrile patient with a rash.
Leptospirosis
Meningococcemia
Plasmodium falciparum malaria
Typhoid fever
Dengue hemorrhagic fever

Leia Mais…

Saturday, May 22, 2010

Books For All! [Part 2]

Salam Brothers & Sisters.


This post is specially regarded to future 3rd and 4th course medics (especially to all my brothers ikhwah in Volgograd State Medical University..hehehe).

Anyway, 3rd course medic is the last preclinical years, and it is actually semi-clinical. Students have to set up your mind, to make your vision of studying more in clinical environment and conveniently.

Remember! Clinical medics are somehow differ from your previous preclinical 'kindergarten'. You have to struggle more on understanding than just memorizing the facts, and you need to know deep down all the basics. It isn't too difficult, we will always help you and be by your side. As for me, the very first step is that you need to know how the environment (bi'ah) can help you to proceed more further.

Recommended books for 3rd course medics:

1. PHARMACOLOGY Lippincott's Illustrated Review



'Same as Biochemistry, this kind of book makes our focus on Pharmacology more comfortable because of its illustrated reviews. Nevertheless, it isn't too details in explanation. The more comprehensive and topmost Pharmacology book of all centuries is below....'















2. PHARMACOLOGY by Kharkevitch




'This book as for me, is an award-winning for Pharmacology aspect. It is so comprehensive, the details are very easy to understand. But, you must have your time to catch up with them, of course. You may borrow this new book from the library. Or just buy it for your future basic knowledge. I miss this book a lot...hehehe'















3. OXFORD HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL MEDICINE 8th Edition

'This is the latest OHCM. But don't worry if you couldn't find it at Kamal Bookstore, the former 7th edition is still in high validity as though. I would like to recommend this book as early as you are in 3rd course, because you need to 'mix' the content with your mind chronically. By the end of 3rd year, you will partially understand it, and during your 4th course you will fully get it! Make it as your favourite one'











4. PATHOLOGY by HARSH MOHAN

'This is the thickest book of mine! This pathology book has a lot of pictures and explanations. It can be used to cover up your study in both Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology during your 3rd course. Roughly, this book brings you to think and develop your ideas of medical-oriented knowledges. If you don't wish to buy it (because it is so thick and heavy), you may consider to get it from your seniors. They will surely let you have one! insyaAllah.'

*This is not the real picture



Other books you may find and borrow from the library. For Therapy and Surgery, you will just need the textbooks from our university plus with lecture's notes as well. Do attend the lectures!

That is all so far. For future 4th course medics, I am still updating your recommended books. Tawakkal 'alaAllah

Leia Mais…

Thursday, May 20, 2010

Books For All! [Part 1]

Salam Brothers & Sisters.

These are some sorts of books that you are highly recommended to have by your own. They can be bought anywhere (even via Amazon.com) but mostly available at Kamal Bookstore Kuala Lumpur, and the prices there also much more cheaper.



Books for 2nd course medic:

1. ATLAS OF HISTOLOGY with Functional Correlation XI Edition







"This is the latest Atlas of Histology by Victor P. Erochenko. Excellence informations, with histologic pictures"












2. ATLAS OF HUMAN ANATOMY by FRANK NETTER IV EDITION


"Atlas of Human Anatomy is a very basic book that a medical student must have one! This Netter atlas will help you not just to know the basis of medic, but through your journey in the medical field forever in your life"










3. MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY by JAYPEE




"Simple, understandable and comprehensive"













NB! This is not the latest edition! This is the old picture.


4. BIOCHEMISTRY Lippincott's Ilustrated Reviews


"This book much more simple because of its illustration. You will learn biochem with 'arts'! But as for me, the main book still the one that you must borrow from the library"



















My next post will be regarded to 3rd course and 4th course medics. That is all, so far. Tawakkal 'alaAllah.



Leia Mais…

Saturday, April 17, 2010

Kejar Usaha!

Suasana pagi hari ini segar. Angin dan bayu selepas renyai hujan musim bunga Eropah melambai dan seakan menyapa saya yang sedang ketika itu melangkah berjalan. Awal pagi tadi saya bergerak ke kelas. Berjalan kaki pada jarak hampir 1.5km dari rumah kediaman saya ke kampus utama universiti. Saya tahu, senaman yang terbaik bukanlah angkat berat 50kg, bukan pula bermain futsal dan melontar peluru besi 100kg, tapi yang terbaik itu adalah berjalan kaki dengan kelajuan lebih sedikit daripada berjalan kaki pada kelajuan biasa.

Setibanya saya di pintu depan universiti, saya terlihat kelibat 2 orang pelajar perempuan Malaysia. Mereka bergerak pantas memasuki universiti. Kemudian beberapa saat selepas itu, di hadapan saya berhenti sebuah van awam, dan keluar daripada van itu 2 orang pelajar lelaki Malaysia yang amat saya kenali. Mereka berdua itu 'adik-adik' saya. Saya rapat dengan mereka, dan mereka juga kenali saya.

Kemudian kami bertemu, sempat bersalaman dan dalam waktu yang bersegera itu saya pun bertanya: "Nak pergi mana ni?"

Mereka menjawab: "Lecture..biochem.."

Mereka pun bertanya soalan sama kepada saya dan saya pun menjawab: "Kelas O33"


Kemudian dalam beberapa saat kami pun berpisah, membawa haluan ke arah matlamat masing-masing untuk memulakan pagi pada hari itu.

Dalam pada itu, saya tersenyum. Satu perkataan yang boleh saya katakan tentang mereka - Kagum. Saya berasa sangat kagum bila bertemu mereka. Saya bangga dan bersyukur memiliki adik-adik seperti mereka. Dan saya rasa lebih bersemangat untuk terus mendoakan mereka berjaya sehingga ke akhirnya.

Bila kita berbicara tentang belajar dan berjaya, satu titik penting yang kita selalu lupa dan gagal adalah usaha. Bila hebat usahanya, maka hebat pula keputusannya. Tapi ada juga yang hebat usahanya tapi masih belum nampak kejayaannya. Disini tidak perlu kita menyalahkan sesiapa, tapi berbaliklah untuk menilai semula usaha kita. Kalau sudah dinilai sehabis baik usaha itu tapi tiada lagi cahaya jayanya, mungkin boleh kita anggap ini adalah ketetapan dan ujian dari Allah. Ya, itu adalah ujian Allah untuk menilai sejauh mana kita mengejar usaha, atau kita sudah tersesat pada matlamat yang tidak sepatutnya; seperti mengejar pencapaian, markah, pujian, habuan, dan segala-galanya yang berkaitan pandangan dan tuntasi pemikiran manusia kepada kita.

Golongan yang paling dahsyat bagi saya juga wujud, iaitu mereka yang hanya tahu berkata bahawa 'Aku ingin berjaya, aku ingin menjadi lebih baik, aku mencapai itu dan ini'. Tapi tiada selangkah pun langkahan itu bermula, yang ada hanyalah kumat kamit pada mulutnya berkata. Golongan ini adalah mereka yang jauh ketinggalan. Meskipun mereka boleh berjaya tanpa berusaha, mereka perlu tahu, itulah ujian yang 'special' Allah tujukan buat mereka. Hanya semata-mata untuk mereka nilai, berbaloikah kejayaan mereka itu tanpa usaha? Sesungguhnya Allah menilai pada usaha kita, bukan keputusannya. Dalam da'wah juga sebegitu prinsipnya, Allah tidak menilai berapa ramai boleh kita bawa orang lain untuk dekat pada Pencipta, tapi yang Allah pasti lihat adalah usaha kita yang bersungguh, komitmen kita mencapai matlamat, dan sudah pastinya istiqamah menjadi pengukur utama. Allah tidak menilai berapa besarkah amalan kita, tapi yang dinilai adalah istiqamah dalam beramal, biarpun hanya kecil amalan itu nilainya, tapi dengan istiqamah, ianya besar sungguh disisi Allah!

Daripada kita mengeluh, merintih dan merayu nasib, ada perlunya untuk kita bangkit. Ada kepentingannya untuk kita duduk sejenak dan fikir mendalam, apa yang perlu kita lakukan, langkah mana yang perlu kita mulakan - demi mencapai matlamat itu. Fikirlah tentang usaha, bukan fikir tentang keputusannya! Usaha itu boleh kita manipulasikan, tapi keputusan itu hanya Allah yang menetapkannya. Kita sebagai hamba hanya boleh meminta, berdoa kepadaNya, dan meningkatkan lagi usaha. Dan itulah prinsip hidup seorang hamba yang sewajarnya perlu meletakkan segala-galanya pada keputusan Allah yang mengatur segalanya. Itulah tawakkal.




Untuk kita terus melangkah, rasa penat itu tidak pernah lari. Hendak ke hadapan itu sememangnya sukar, perit dan penuh duri-duri tajam yang bengis mencucuk kaki ini. Andai kata kita berhenti daripada terus melangkah, itu bermaksud bahawa kita tewas, dan hanya di garisan permulaan kita perlu bermula kembali, bukan ditapuk lama, dengan cara lama dan tiada perubahan diri, tapi dengan diri yang ada ertinya muhasabah, dengan diri yang seakan lahir mencari identiti sejati berlandaskan matlamat yang hakiki, iaitu matlamat yang mana kejayaannya besar hanyalah disisi Allah ta'ala.

Semoga berjaya dan selamat berusaha. Bila kita meletakkan niat dan azam, maka berusahalah mencapainya, bukan seperti menumbuh padi, tanpa ada semaiannya.

Leia Mais…

Monday, March 1, 2010

Medik : Bukan Sekadar Ilmu

“Maaf kepada para pembaca kerana blog ini telah lama tidak dikemaskini atas kesibukan penulis. InsyaAllah, dengan izinNya penulis akan cuba memaksimumkan penulisan di laman kesihatan dan kerjaya perubatan ini sebagai perkongsian bersama. Selamat Membaca”


Doktor itu pada praktiknya, bukan ilmu semata. Kata-kata ini ada betulnya. Malah medik itu sendiri bukan sekadar menghafal teori, tapi yang lebih penting adalah memahami dan mengaplikasi. Orang yang kurang menggunakan neuron akalnya, mereka juga boleh menghafal. Tetapi untuk memahami dan mengaplikasi, hanya akal yang maksimum penggunaannya boleh membantu.


Semuanya bermula dengan satu sejarah dalam hidup saya, dalam era pelajar perubatan. Bukanlah sejarah yang rumit seakan rentetan kemerdekaan negara, tapi saya namakan ia sebagai sejarah kerana ia mendidik dan mengajar saya, dan menyumbang sedikit sebanyak aspirasi kepada diri saya dalam trek kerjaya perubatan ini.


Apa yang saya maksudkan adalah praktikal. Ramai rakan-rakan saya diseluruh dunia ini juga pernah menjalani praktikal. Saya juga pernah menjalani praktikal sejak di tahun 2 medik disini. Namun, praktikal pada kali ini lain bagi saya.


Beberapa minggu yang lepas, saya dan beberapa sahabat saya telah memulakan praktikal khas di hospital-hospital terpilih di Volgograd, Rusia. Saya namakan ia ‘praktikal khas’ kerana ia ditaja oleh penaja. Terdapat 2 bidang praktikal yang perlu kami jalani, iaitu praktikal surgery dan praktikal therapy (internal diseases).

Buat masa ini, hanya praktikal surgery yang perlu dijalani. Kesemuanya sebanyak 5 kali. Bermula selepas selesai academic hours, selama 2 jam.


Pada hari pertama praktikal tersebut, saya sudah merasai gentarnya. Penat tidak terkata. Apa tidaknya, academic hours hampir setiap hari berakhir pada jam 4.30 atau 5 petang. Kemudian saya perlu lagi untuk ke praktikal! Teaching hospital saya terletak agak jauh dari main campus, lebih kurang 45 minit hingga 1 jam perjalanan dengan van awam, atau mungkin lebih lama dengan menaiki tram.


Pada hari pertama itu, saya sampai ke hospital hampir pukul 6 petang. Istimewanya praktikal ini, hanya 2 orang pelajar untuk seorang surgeon. Setibanya kami, rupa-rupanya surgeon tersebut telah pun menunggu kami. Lantas tanpa menyoal banyak, kami terus menyalin pakaian dan bergerak ke OT.


Seorang pesakit terlantar. Beberapa orang surgeon sedang khusyuk melakukan laparoscopy. Phlegmonous appendicitis! Jeritan itu yang saya dengar. Laparoscopy tersebut untuk melihat keadaan appendix pesakit tersebut, dan keputusannya, pembedahan membuang appendix yang didapati telah dijangkiti itu perlu segera dilakukan tidak lebih 6 jam! Semua mereka termasuk OT nurses bersiap siaga untuk appendicectomy (total removal of appendix). Ini bukanlah kali pertama saya bakal melihat appendicectomy. Tapi mungkin tanggapan awal saya meleset, kerana saya bukan akan sekadar melihat, tapi saya ditawarkan untuk menyertai surgery tersebut! Itulah pengalaman saya yang pertama untuk menyarung sterilized surgical coat dan memakai sterilized surgical gloves. OT nurse yang menyarungkan dan memakaikannya, dan saya rasakan seakan seorang surgeon yang baru lahir secara tiba-tiba! Bagaikan bidan terjun, kerana saya langsung tidak menyangka akan terlibat dalam operation, dan saya tidak pun bersedia untuk operation tersebut, ditambah pula terlalu penat setelah sehari suntuk kelas dan kuliah.




Sepanjang surgery saya menjadi assistant surgeon. Beberapa manipulations yang saya masih belum faham dan teragak-agak, mungkin head surgeon yang akan melakukannya dan menunjukkannya kepada saya. Mungkin beberapa kali ditegur kerana silap dan cuai, tapi saya perlu kuat dan mengambilnya secara posotif kerana itu salah satu persediaan mental untuk menghadapai zaman HO di Malaysia kelak. Bila ditegur, saya hanya membuat ekspresi serius dan mengangguk, dan saya akan ingat kesilapan saya sampai bila-bila.


Hari pertama tidak berakhir disitu sahaja. Kemudian kami berdua dibawa berjumpa 2 orang pasakit, masing-masing dengan inguinal hernia dan varicocele. Saya buang rasa janggal dalam diri saya dan saya lakukan semua PE yang ditunjuk ajar surgeon kami. Sangat banyak telah kami pelajari walaupun baru sehari kami ke praktikal khas ini.


Memang saya akui, kehidupan dalam bekerjaya seorang doktor bukan mudah. Setiap langkah mereka memerlukan akal yang bergerak seiring. Hari-hari yang berikutnya, lebih ramai pesakit telah kami jumpa dengan pelbagai diagnose. Terdapat juga pesakit yang baru, dan kami bersama-sama surgeon membuat diagnose bersama. Pesakit dengan diagnose DVT, acute pancreatitis, pelbagai jenis hernia, cholecystitis, acute intestinal obstruction. Kami juga diajar untuk lebih mudah membaca X-ray films dan mencari specific signs seperti dalam kes intestinal obtruction, perforated ulcer dan lain-lain. Kami juga diajar melihat thrombi dengan US, memerhati teknik pleural puncture seorang pesakit dengan left and right-sided hydrothorax.


Setiap kali ke praktikal pada hari-hari berikutnya, surgeon yang mengendalikan kami seakan ‘wajib’ membawa kami ke ‘reanimation department’. Pada mulanya saya agak kurang selesa, tapi saya perlu untuk menyesuaikan diri dengannya. Di sini, pesakit yang kami jumpa tidak lain adalah pesakit dalam situasi koma, post-comatous, post-op, severe trauma dan banyak lagi yang agak tenat situasinya. Bukan sekadar melihat, kami diajar melakukan PE untuk pesakit-pesakit seperti ini, dan untuk pesakit post-op, kami perlu melihat keadaan wound dan bandage sekiranya terdapat darah atau sebagainya. Kami perlu palpate dan bertanyakan tentang kesakitannya atau tidak. Kami perlu juga melihat setiap drainage containers, dan terdapat beberapa pesakit dengan coffee-ground vomitus, dan dia mengalami upper GIT bleeding. Daripada mendapat ilmu yang berguna sehingga terpaksa menahan bau-bauan yang kurang menyenangkan walaupun memakai mask, itu semua sejarah yang tidak akan kami tinggalkan sedikit pun iktibar dan pengalamannya.


Daripada berjumpa seorang dua pesakit sehingga melakukan ward round, saya rasakan teaching hospital tersebut bagaikan ‘rumah kedua’ saya. Ke hulu ke hilir, ke sana dan ke sini. Sedikit sebanyak dapat saya gambarkan bagaimanakah kelak ketika sudah mula bekerja. Sudah tentunya sibuk dan memenatkan.


Mungkin terlalu banyak untuk saya tuliskan disini. Pengalaman menjalani praktikal walau dimana pun jangan sesekali pelajar sia-siakan. Berjumpa dengan pesakit dan melakukan diagnose terhadapnya, bagi saya itulah asas utama dan penting untuk kerjaya perubatan pada masa depan. Masuk ke OT dan menjadi assistant dalam appendicectomy, bagi saya itu hanyalah extra point, yang boleh menambah pengetahuan dan membina kekuatan mental dalam diri kita. Memang saya akui, ketika ditegur dan dimarahi, apatah lagi dengan surgeon dari Rusia ini, saya dapat merasakan semangat itu ada dan terus membara. Saya tanamkan azam untuk terus kental dan lebih tekun dan gigih berusaha sedaya yang termampu untuk saya lakukan. Sebagai pelajar perubatan tahun ke 4, saya tidak banyak lagi masa untuk membina ilmu yang cukup kukuh, apatah lagi menyediakan diri saya ke dalam dunia perubatan yang ‘dewasa’ kelak.


Mungkin semangat saya untuk ke praktikal therapy selepas ini akan semakin kuat. Di therapy, kemahiran melakukan diagnose itu sesuatu yang sangat penting dalam asas medik. Kemudian dari situ kita akan bina kemahiran untuk DD (differential diagnosis) pula. Tapi keinginan saya untuk ke praktikal surgery tidak terhenti hanya selepas 5 hari. Dijadualkan praktikal surgery kali kedua akan saya jalani sepanjang musim panas pada bulan 7 kelak. Disebabkan saya tidak pulang ke Malaysia kerana kesuntukan masa cuti, saya memasang azam, sekiranya dibenarkan, untuk melanjutkan praktikal saya sehingga semester baru bermula pada awal bulan 9. InsyaAllah.


Saya berharap rakan-rakan saya, dan adik-adik saya disini, akan dapat memanfaatkan praktikal ini sebaiknya. Biarpun sedikit, pengalaman itulah perkara yang amat penting. Bina kekuatan dan bina semangat. Semoga berjaya.

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